The Toxicity of Copper to Pacific Oyster and Sea Squirt from Japan Using Regional Seawater as a Test Medium

Copper (Cu) toxicity is an increasing concern in marine environments; however, its effects are species- and area-specific. In this study, area-specific Cu test was conducted on the sensitive early life stages (i.e., embryonic larval development) of two important fisheries species, namely, Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) sea squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) using natural waters collected from three sites coastal area Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Measured concentrations for C. gigas nominal H. roretzi were used to calculate effect each species. The 10% concentration (EC10) 12.8–17.0 15.0–22.0 µg L−1, 50% (EC50) 20.3–22.6 45.6–47.2 respectively. Notably, study first determine roretzi, our results can provide additional information strengthen species sensitivity distribution saltwater which support bioavailability correction. Moreover, help policymakers develop more realistic water quality standard while considering chemistry specific regions.